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Ancient Origins
According to Irish tradition, the ancient kings of Ireland were the descendants of King Milesius of Spain. Milesius was the grandson of Breoghan, conqueror of Galicia, Andalusia, Murcia, Castile, and Portugal, who was also called Brigus or Brian. Milesius achieved outstanding military success in Egypt, and was given Scota, the Pharoah's daughter, in marriage. When Spain underwent a twenty-six year famine, Milesius sent his uncle Ithe to seek a new homeland, in accordance with an ancient prophecy. After Ithe discovered Ireland, only to be murdered by the resident Tuatha de Danan, his son Lughaide brought his body home to Spain.
In vengeance, Milesius sent his eight sons with a great fleet to conquer the lush green isle. Along the way, a vicious storm claimed the lives of five of the sons, including Ir, whose son Heber-Donn survived. Landing on the island in 1699 BC, the remaining three sons, Heremon, Heber, and Amergin, slew the Danan kings with the aid of Heber-Donn. Heber and Heremon divided the land between them and ruled as joint kings, calling the land 'Scotia', after their mother, and giving lands to Lughaide and Heber-Donn.
However, after only one year, a disagreement between their ambitious wives sparked a war between the brothers; Heremon slew Heber and then the childless Amergin and became sole king of Ireland. Tradition dictates that almost all the ancient kings of Ireland descended from Heremon, Heber, Ir and Ithe.
Among these royal descendants were several famous kings. These include Conn of the Hundred Battles, who was so called due to the hundreds of military victories he achieved during his lengthy 2nd century reign, which ended when he was assassinated by fifty thugs disguised as women. The Three Collas were brothers who were banished from Ireland in the 4th century after being usurped as monarchs by the son of the uncle whom they had previously overthrown. Exiled to Scotland for thirty years before their eventual pardon, they took the name 'Scotia' with them, transferring it to that land. Ireland was subsequently renamed in honor of Ir, brother of Heber and Heremon.
Later in that century, Ireland was ruled by King Niall of the Nine Hostages, whose military exploits are said to have made those of King Arthur pale by comparison. Defeating the Romans in Gaul and Britain, he prevented a Roman conquest of Ireland and gained his name from his habit of taking important captives from each of the nine nations he conquered during his career. In the 5th century, Laeghaire MacNiall became the first Christian Monarch of Ireland.
The most celebrated of all Irish kings was Brian Boru, who tradition credits with the introduction of hereditary surnames to Ireland. He deposed Malachi II as Monarch of all Ireland in 1002 AD, though the succession was amicable and Brian retained Malachi II as a valuable ally. In 1014, the Danes, who already controlled all of England and parts of Ireland, challenged Brian Boru for the leadership of Ireland. Fielding an army composed of forces from the provinces of Munster and Connacht, Brian Boru led the Irish to a decisive victory over the Danes and their allies, permanently ending the Danes' dreams of establishing their supremacy in Ireland. However, Brian Boru was slain in battle, at the age of 88. Malachi II re-ascended the throne, where he ruled as what many consider to have been the last absolute Monarch of all Ireland. After his death, the various provincial kings descended into endless quarreling amongst themselves in futile hopes of ruling the entire nation.
Major Facts Influencing Families & Surnames
MAJOR FACTS INFLUENCING IRISH FAMILIES AND SURNAMES
The history and people of Ireland are a fascinating subject of study. Ireland is an island of the British Isles, to the west of Great Britain, and it is divided into the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland. Ireland is renowned for its lush green landscape, festive atmosphere and friendly populace. The vibrant culture of the modern Irish is a product of Ireland's ancient history.
Settled by the Celts in the 6th century, Ireland became divided into the rival kingdoms of Meath, Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht. Christianity was introduced to Ireland in the 5th century by St. Patrick, who is celebrated as the patron saint of Ireland. Ireland became a leading cultural center of Europe in the 6th to 9th centuries. In the 11th century, the Viking invasions were halted by Brian Boru, but Ireland was still split into warring kingdoms. The English invasion began under Pembroke in the 12th century and the invaders soon mingled with the Irish. By the early 15th century, only small pockets of Ireland remained under direct English rule. Henry VII attempted to bring Ireland under English jurisdiction by means of Pynings' Law in 1495. Opposition to English rule increased when the Penal Laws attempted to impose Protestantism and the political struggle became merged in the conflict between Catholics and Protestants.
In the reign of Elizabeth I, rebellions were ruthlessly suppressed and Protestant Scots were settled in Ulster. In the mid-17th century, another rebellion was put down by Cromwell with a great loss of life and was followed by a thorough Protestant settlement. The Irish supported James II in his unsuccessful attempt to retain the thrown, but they were defeated by William III at the Boyne in 1690. Absentee landlordism worsened the already desperate economic conditions. Grattan and the Irish Volunteer army obtained an independent parliment in 1782. Continued Irish unrest and Wolfe Tone's rebellion in 1798 led to the Act of Union in 1800 and Irish representation in British Parliament. Daniel O'Connell's agitation resulted in the granting of Catholic Emancipation in 1829. The Irish Potato famine of the 1840s decimated the population and caused mass emigration. The Fenians forced L:iberal Prime Minister William Gladstone to disestablish the Irish Church in 1869 and to pass the Irish Land Act in 1870, which guaranteed fair rents and to unsuccesful attempts to pass Home Rule Bills. A Home Rule Act was passed in 1914, despite Conservative opposition, but its application was delayed until after WWI. In 1920, the Home Rule Act incorporated the northeast in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The island of Ireland became the Irish Free State in 1921.
A BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF THE HISTORY OF IRELAND
The Ancient Kings of Ireland
Irish Septs
The Vikings
The Norman Conquest of 1066
The Strongbow Invasion of 1172
Cromwell and the English Revolution
Jacobite Uprisings and the Glorious Revolution
"The Flight of the Wild Geese"
IRISH EMIGRATION PATTERNS AND NORTH AMERICAN SETTLEMENT
Plantation of Ulster
Cromwellian Adventurers for Land in Ireland
Undertaking
Irish Potato Famine
White Sails
American War of Independence
United Empire Loyalists
Flight of the Wild Geese
For approximately two centuries, a great number of able-bodied young Irishmen emigrated from Ireland. This migration, which took place over the 17th and 18th centuries, is colloquially known as the 'Flight of the Wild Geese'.
The exodus began at the end of the Elizabethan wars, which were a series of revolts that began in 1569, and ended with the defeat of the Irish rebels at Kinsale in 1602. The bitter loss was followed by the Flight of the Earls in 1607, in which the outlawed rebel leaders, Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, and Hugh Roe O'Donnell, the Earl of Tyrconnell, fled to France with 99 other influential Irishmen of Ulster. The possessions of the insurgents were forfeited to the Crown. Furthermore, the six Ulster counties of Armagh, Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, Fermanagh, and Cavan were confiscated. The Crown established the Plantation of Ulster, in which the ancestral homelands of the Irish were distributed among English and Scottish Protestant settlers. The dispossessed Irish were deported to Connacht and Munster.
Many Irish, especially those who had fought in the rebellion, also chose to flee to continental Europe. France was one of the most favoured destinations for the Irish, because it was overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. Once there, they frequently entered military service. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Catholic French were sympathetic to the Irish cause and they often smuggled luxury commodities to the Emerald Isle, in exchange for high-quality Irish wool and Irish military recruits. The recruits, who were equally prized, were customarily referred to in the ships' cargo logs as wild geese in order to mask the illicit recruitment; the name stuck and the military exiles came to be popularly known as 'Wild Geese'.
In the foreign military services, the recruits formed the 'Irish Brigades' and Irish soldiers were justly famed for their courage and fighting skill. Although the Irish Brigades were most prominent in the service of France, they were also active in the Austrian, Italian, and Spanish armies. Many Irish soldiers gained commissions as officers in token of the high regard in which they were held.
In the ensuing decades, the Wild Geese continued to flood into continental Europe from Ireland. This was particularly true during the Cromwellian Transplantation of the 1640s, when great numbers of Irish landowners had their estates confiscated and were transplanted or exiled. At this time, numerous Irish septs migrated to France in their entirety. After the broken terms of the Treaty of Limerick and the enaction of the harsh, anti-Catholic Penal Laws following the Irish resistance to William of Orange's 'Glorious Revolution', many Jacobites migrated to France from Ireland. In fact, the entire Jacobite army fled to France, and the former British King James II reviewed an army of 21,000 soldiers at Vannes in 1692.
The Irish Brigades were active throughout the next century. They were involved in an abortive French invasion of Britain in 1759, and it was hoped that the Catholic population of Ireland would rise up to support the invasion force. However, the glorious return of the 'Wild Geese' was prevented by the defeat of the French fleet at sea.
In the two centuries between the 'Flight of the Earls' and the French Revolution, hundreds of thousand of Irish migrated to continental Europe. In fact, it has been estimated that during the time of the Jacobite uprisings between 1691 and 1745, over 450,000 Irishmen died in the service of France alone. As such, the 'Flight of the Wild Geese' represents one of the most massive migrations in the history of Ireland.
Connaught
Connaught is the westernmost province of Ireland. In the modern era, the spelling changed to Connacht. This province has a population of approximately 424,000 today, and contains the counties of Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo. These county names have remained the same since the Middle Ages.
Cromwellian Invasion
After the clans were banished from the Scottish/English Borderlands in 1603, many clan families emigrated to Ireland, which was nominally called the Plantation of Ulster. The area was particularly attractive to the emigrants because the British parliament had created a land scheme to attract settlers to the area.
A year following the Irish Rebellion of 1641, which had brought much discomfort to the English parliament, a scheme was devised to forfeit 2,500,000 acres of Irish land. In an attempt to subdue the rebellious Irish, the lands were offered as security to those people who advanced moneys toward paying for a private army. As far as the Irish were concerned, they knew an army was coming, much like the Strongbow invasion. While the English king was against the plan, he could do nothing. In England, the measure was perceived as a triumph over the Irish and the king. The subscribers, Adventurers, were to have estates and manors of one thousand acres each. The costs were very minimal too: Ulster - £200; Connaught - £300; Munster - £450; and Leinster - £600. Lands could be bought on a per acre basis with Ulster at four shillings, Connaught at six shillings, Munster for eight shillings and so on. In September 1653, parliament declared the Rebellion in Ireland subdued and the war had ended.
Leinster
Leinster is in the southeast of Ireland, and is the most populous of the four provinces, with approximately 1,500,000 people. This province contains the counties of Carlow, Dublin, Kilkenny, Laois (formerly Leix), Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow. These divisions have remained the same from the Middle Ages to the present.
Munster
Munster is the southernmost of the four Irish provinces. Today, it has a population of nearly 880,000 people, and contains the counties of Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford. These districts have remained unchanged since the Middle Ages.
Plantation of Ulster
During the early 17th century, the Plantation of Ulster was an attractive area of settlement for migrants within the British Empire. The Plantation was composed of six entire counties, namely, Armagh, Tyrone, Coleraine, Donegal, Fermanagh and Caven, which were confiscated as a result of a war between Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Queen Elizabeth. As a result, about 3,798,000 statute acres were under the crown of England.
During the reign of King James I, these massive territories were transferred to some English, but mostly Scottish settlers. These settlers were called Undertakers and Planters,,Hhence the term Plantation of Ulster. Within this territory, four baronies were reserved for the Londoner's Plantation. A small portion of Antrim and Coleraine were joined to form the present county of Londonderry. Some of the native Irish were awarded lands and position in the Plantation, but many who had held the position of gentleman, gentry or nobility were forced to tend their own land. The Undertakers were for the most part, Protestants. More than 8,000 people of British birth were found in these counties by 1620. Only 70 of these had no lands of their own. The Plantation of Ulster was to have a profound impact on the United Kingdom for centuries to come.
Potato Famine
The Irish Potato Famine, which lasted from 1845 to 1850, resulted in a great exodus of Irish refugees fleeing to Britain, Australia, and North America, one of the most dramatic waves of Irish migration in history.
From 1740 onwards, the population of Ireland began to soar. For the next eighty years, the largely agricultural economy of Ireland enjoyed a period of prosperity due to increased production and high British grain demands. However, by the 1830s, the once-fertile soil had grown depleted from heavy overproduction, and agricultural productivity fell off.
Britain began to turn elsewhere to meet its agricultural needs and Ireland grew increasingly unable to meet even its own needs. Irish landowners reacted in their own interests, expelling tenant farmers, or forcing them to subsist on minuscule plots of land. Life became increasingly harsh as the potato crop began to fail regularly and thousands of people began to emigrate in desperate hope of survival.
The mid-1840s marked the onset of catastrophe for the Irish potato crop. A partial failure of the vital staple crop in 1845 was followed by a complete failure the following year, which was in turn followed by an especially cruel winter. In 1848, the crop failed once again. Starvation and disease became common as many farmers were driven penniless from their homes.
From 1845 to 1851, Ireland lost almost a quarter of its population. Of these, half emigrated to Britain, North America, and Australia. The other half perished. The Potato Famine brought unprecedented elements to Irish migration because most of the migrants were unfortunate refugees, rather than voluntary emigrants. They were more likely to be diseased and destitute and as the source areas for migrants grew to include all of Ireland, the majority came from more remote areas which had been previously underrepresented.
Consequently, they were far less likely to be integrated into the commercial economy and were, on the whole, less skilled. Most were virtually penniless and were often perceived to be lower-class and less hard-working, but nothing could be further from the truth. Time would prove their critics very wrong. The vast majority of Famine refugees chose the United States as their destination. This Irish intrusion proved to be a potent force for change in the New World that became the backbone of the American way of life.
Septs
Prior to the development of hereditary surnames in Ireland, there was a sept system by which families were divided into broad clans or tribes. These were usually based on a common descent from a particularly notable ancestor. For example, the septs who all claimed descent from the famed 4th century warrior king Niall of the Nine Hostages were collectively known as the Ui Neill, or the Hy Niall. Other particularly distinguished groups of ancient septs included the Ui Fiachra, the Ui Maine (also called the Hy Many), the Cinel Eoghain, the Clann Cholgain, the Corca Laighe, and the Dal Cair (also known as the Dalcassians). The use of surnames gradually rendered the sept system obsolete.
The original tribe name was occasionally perpetuated as the hereditary surname of the senior family of the sept, but this was unusual. Instead, hereditary surnames were developed from locations, nicknames, occupations, or family relations. As time went by, sub-septs gradually formed, splitting off from the major sept and taking their own surnames. This was done for a number of reasons, especially to further distinguish between a number of individuals with the same names. However, change also arose from regional variations and clerical errors.
Ulster
ANCIENT ULSTER
In the Middle Ages, the area now known as Northern Ireland was known solely as Ulster, and contained the counties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Down, Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, and Tyrone.
TODAY'S ULSTER
This is the smallest region in Ireland, in terms of population, with approximately 226,000 people today. And now, this part of Ireland contains the counties of Cavan, Donegal, and Monahan, as well as 26 districts, which are, for the most part, known by the names of their capitals.
DISTRICTS OF TODAY'S NORTHERN IRELAND
Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Bainbidge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt, Mourne, Moyle, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, and Strabane.
Undertakers
Under the Plantation of Ulster, the mostly Scottish settlers, nominally called undertakers and planters agreed to remain loyal to the English Crown and to retain their religion which was for the most part, Protestant. Essentially, they undertook to retain their loyalty to the Crown, hence the term undertakers.
White Sails
By the turn of the 20th century, millions of Irish had emigrated to Britain, its colonies, and the United States. They left behind them a society in which virtually every family had close relatives overseas. Few countries in the world have ever experienced such rapid, intensive and long lasting demographic upheaval.
The White Sails are one of the romantic nicknames for the sailing ships that carried these Irish immigrants across the Atlantic and into the New World. Numerous Irish, Scottish and British emigrated on timber ships and traveled in the steerage berths of cargo ships. The ships were also called coffin ships because of the high numbers of casualties that resulted from the trial of the passage.
Sometimes 30 to 40% of the original passengers on these ships perished due to diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and small pox. As a result of the harsh conditions on the overcrowded ships, the majority of the immigrants arrived in the New World diseased, famished, and destitute from the long two month journey across the stormy Atlantic. These immigrants became the backbone of the first settlements in North America.
Mac, Mc prefix
Scottish and Irish patronymic surnames frequently have the prefix Mac or Mc. When these surnames were originally developed, they were formed by adding the Gaelic word mac, which means son of, to the name of the original bearer's father. For example, the surname MacDougall literally means son of Dougal. In later times, these prefixes were also added to the occupation or nickname of the bearer's father. For example, MacWard means son of the bard and MacDowell means son of the black stranger.
Numerous variations of this prefix emerged, for a number of reasons. It was rendered Mag before vowels and aspirated consonants. Historical records concerning Irish and Scottish names reveal that the common prefix Mc and the less common prefixes M' and Mcc developed as abbreviations of the original Gaelic prefix Mac. Thus, the popular beliefs that Mc is a distinctively Irish prefix while Mac is exclusively Scottish, and that one prefix is used by Catholic families while the other one is specifically Protestant are erroneous. In actuality, the same person often had his surname recorded using both Mac and Mc on separate occasions.
O' prefix
Irish patronymic surnames frequently feature the distinctive prefix O'. When these surnames were originally developed, they were formed by adding the Gaelic words O or Ui which mean descendant of, to the name of the original bearer's grandfather or to that of an earlier ancestor.
For example, the surname O'Neil literally means descendant of Niall. In later times, these prefixes were also added to the occupation or nickname of the bearer's ancestor. For example, O'Riordan means descendant of the royal bard and O'Keeffe means descendant of the gentle man.
Strongbow
As with the fall of Troy, the long conquest of Ireland began with a dispute over the abduction of a beautiful woman. In 1167, Dermod MacMorough, the King of Leinster, is said to have kidnapped Dearvorgil, the wife of Tiernan O'Rourke, the Prince of West Brefney. However, this so-called 'abduction' may be described more accurately as an elopement. This incident led to the invasion and conquest of Leinster by Roderick O'Connor, the king of Connacht and self-styled monarch of Ireland, who sided with O'Rourke. Fleeing to England, the defeated MacMorough sought the aid of King Henry II, who allowed MacMorough to gather support among his subjects in return for an oath of fealty.
The most influential figure in the events to follow was Richard de Clare, the Earl of Pembroke, from Wales. Like his father Gilbert, Richard de Clare was a famed archer, and was popularly called De Arcu Forti, meaning of the strong bow. MacMorough enlisted the help of the man called Strongbow, who used his great influence to raise a powerful army. Landing in the county of Wexford in 1168, Strongbow's army restored MacMorough as king of Leinster in a pitched battle, after which, Strongbow executed his only son for cowardice and flight in the face of the enemy.
More than a decade earlier, when Henry II had ascended the throne of England in 1154, Pope Adrian IV, (who had the distinction of having been the only Englishman to hold the papal office), issued a Papal Bull granting his countryman sovereignty over Ireland. Although Henry II had long coveted the Emerald Isle, he had delayed acting on this authority until a suitable opportunity could be found.
After the military success of 1168, Henry did not waste time in making this Papal Bull known to the Irish. In 1171, Henry II sent Strongbow back to Ireland with a substantial force in order to ensure the acceptance of this Bull. This was followed by a personal visit later that same year. The strongly devout Irish were convinced by the coming of the English in the name of the Pope (together with Henry II's promises to peacefully annex their county) to accept the English monarch as their new ruler. Thus, Henry II's conquest of Ireland was nearly bloodless. However, there were those, such as Murcha O'Melaghin, king of Meath, who refused to recognize the authority of the English; Henry II responded by breaking his vow, deposing these rebels and confiscating their lands.
Although this conquest of Ireland was relatively peaceful, the Strongbow Invasion is historically significant. The political structure of Ireland was irrevocably altered, for while many of the local rulers maintained their powers, the High Kingship of Ireland was brought to an end. Also, many families descended from the "Strongbownian" settlers came to have great influence on the social, political, and military history of Ireland. Moreover, after centuries of fending off the ambitions of both the Romans and the Danes, Ireland was at last brought under the dominion of a foreign power, setting the precedent for the heavy-handed subjugation and oppression the Irish were to later suffer at the hands of Cromwell and several other English rulers of the 16th and 17th centuries.
A brief History
Ireland was first settled in about 6000 BC by a race of Middle Stone Age hunter-gatherers who lived there and hunted such creatures as the megaceros, a giant variety of deer so large that their antlers spanned 10 feet. Around 3000 BC, they made significant technological improvements which moved them into the classification of Bronze Age people. These people eventually came to be known as the Picts, who ruled over Ireland for millenia and even expanded to Scotland. Irish folklore tells that during these very early times, two sons of King Milesius of Iberia conquered Ireland, becoming King Heremon, and his brother Heber. It is said that after assuming power in Ireland Heremon slew his brother, took the throne and fathered a line of kings of Ireland that includes Malachi II and King Niall of the Nine Hostages.
In around 900 BC, a race known as the Celts appeared. They were the result of cross-breeding between European Bronze Age people and wanderers from central Asia. They dominated the country for many years to follow, building many of the characteristic ring forts which are found all over Ireland. They did not confine themselves to Ireland, however, dominating Western Europe for a long time, sacking Rome in 390 BC, and Delphi a century later.
In the early 5th century AD, St. Patrick came to Ireland to convert the Irish, who were all Druidic, to Christianity. He had amazing success, as today nearly everyone living in Ireland is Christian and Druids are almost unheard of. This feat was made even more impressive by the fact that the Celtic nobility held their power through the Druidic religion; because of this, they were exceptionally difficult to convert.
The years that were the Dark Ages for the rest of Europe, between 410 and 800 AD, were a golden age for Ireland. Ireland flourished while the Roman Empire fell, fragmented and was plagued by attacks from Vikings, Muslims and Magyars. It was not to last however; Ireland was to have its own Dark Age.
In 795, Vikings from Scandinavia landed on the Gaelic island of Iona and plundered a monastery there. By the early 800s, they had begun raids on Ireland itself, plundering it on a regular basis. At first, they were only interested in rape, pillage and plunder, but eventually they stayed, rather than taking their loot and leaving. By 841, they had established several well-fortified settlements in Louth and expanded aggressively thereafter, eventually conquering all of Ireland with a decisive victory in the Battle of Dublin in 919. The Celts slowly regained land, however, and in 1014, led by Brian Boru, they almost completely eliminated the Viking presence in Ireland with the Battle of Clontarf.
Next came the Normans, who were of originally Viking origin. While some Vikings were raiding Ireland in the previous centuries, the Normans had settled in northern France and were intermarrying with the natives. From there, they swept through England and Scotland, and eventually came to Ireland in 1169. Within a few years they had captured Dublin and most other major cities, and so Ireland belonged to them. They intermarried with the Celts (who now called themselves the Gaels), giving rise to many powerful Norman-Irish feudal families.
Then, a feud which was to change the fate of Ireland began between two powerful families: Tiernan O'Rourke and Dermot MacMurrough. Two other families joined in as well; Rory O'Connor sided with O'Rourke and Murtogh MacLochlain protected MacMurrough. In 1166, O'Rourke and O'Connor triumphed and chased MacMurrough out of Ireland.
MacMurrough was not to be discouraged, however; he returned shortly thereafter with an army provided by Henry II and the assistance of the legendary Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, also known as Strongbow. He eventually managed to take over Ireland and instated himself as ruler there. He became sick and died after a short reign, and left his throne to Strongbow. O'Connor and O'Rourke raised an army and attempted to instate MacMurrough's nephew, with whom they sympathized, instead of Strongbow but they were defeated.
Strongbow therefore became King of Ireland, but King Henry had plans of his own. He had provided the army that conquered Ireland, and he wanted Ireland in his empire. So he brought a new army to Ireland, consisting of over 4000 troops. Strongbow surrendered Ireland to him without a drop of blood being shed.
For a long time thereafter, Ireland was divided between the Normans and the Gaels. Though the Normans controlled most of the Island, there was eventually a Gaelic resurgence and the Norman territories were vastly reduced. Once this happened, the Normans began to be assimilated and eventually became "more Irish than the Irish."
Though still affiliated with England, Ireland was essentially independent. The Tudor Dynasty (1485-1607) put an end to this, engaging in another conquest of Ireland and instating laws which, among other things, decreed that the King of England was automatically the King of Ireland, essentially making the two a single country. They also ousted the Catholic church, making Protestantism the religion of Ireland and also imposed laws which created a huge class distinction, setting the stage for the bloody conflicts that rage to this day.
The so called Plantation of Ulster occured during the reign of King James I, in the early 17th century, six entire counties, (Armagh, Tyrone, Coleraine, Donegal, Fermanagh and Caven) of Ireland were 'planted' with English and Scottish settlers. The settlers were Protestants, sent by the English crown to make the territory easier to rule. More than 8,000 people of British birth were found in these counties by 1620. The Plantation of Ulster was to have a profound impact on Ireland and it's relation to the United Kingdom for centuries to come.
From 1740 onwards, the population of Ireland began to soar. For the next eighty years, the largely agricultural economy of Ireland enjoyed a period of prosperity due to increased production and high British grain demands. However, by the 1830s, the once-fertile soil had grown depleted from heavy overproduction, and agricultural productivity fell off. The mid-1840s marked the onset of catastrophe for the Irish potato crop. A partial failure of the vital staple crop in 1845 was followed by a complete failure the following year, which was in turn followed by an especially cruel winter. In 1848, the crop failed once again. Starvation and disease became common as many farmers were driven penniless from their homes. The Irish Potato Famine resulted in one of the most dramatic waves of migration in history. From 1845 to 1851, Ireland lost almost a quarter of its population. Of these, half emigrated to Britain, North America, and Australia. The other half perished. Most Irish immigrants were virtually penniless and were often perceived to be lower-class and less hard-working, but nothing could be further from the truth. Time would prove their critics very wrong.
High Kings of Ireland
Eireamhón 1434-1418 BC (Eremon)
Éibhear 1434-1433 BC (Eber)
Muimhne 1418-1415 BC
Luighne 1418-1415 BC
Laighne 1418-1415 BC
Ir 1415-1415 BC
Orba 1415-1415 BC
Fearán 1415-1415 BC
Fergen 1415-1415 BC
Nuadhat I Neacht 1415-1414 BC
Irial Faidh 1414-1404 BC
Eithrial 1404-1384 BC
Conmaol 1384-1354 BC
Tighearnmhas 1354-1278 BC
Eochaidh I Eadghadhach 1271-1267 BC
Sobhairce 1267-1227 BC
Cearma Fionn 1267-1227 BC
Eochaidh II Faobharghlas 1227-1207 BC
Fiachadh I Labhrainne 1207-1183 BC
Eochaidh III Mumho 1183-1162 BC
Aonghus I Olmucadha 1162-1144 BC
Éanna I Airgtheach 1144-1117 BC
Roitheachtaigh I 1117-1092 BC
Séadhna I 1092-1087 BC
Fiachadh II Fionnscothach 1087-1067 BC
Muineamhón 1067-1062 BC
Faildeargdoid 1062-1052 BC
Ollamh Fodhla 1052-1015 BC
Fionnachta I 1015-995 BC
Slanoll 995-978 BC
Gedhe Ollghothach 978-966 BC
Fiachadh III Fionnailches 966-946 BC
Bearnghal 946-934 BC
Oilioll I 934-918 BC
Siorna Saoghaileach 918-897 BC
Roitheachtaigh II 897-890 BC
Elim I Oillfionnsheachta 890-889 BC
Giallchaidh 889-880 BC
Imleach 880-868 BC
Nuadhat II Fionn Fáil 868-828 BC
Breas 828-819 BC
Eochaidh IV Aptach 819-818 BC
Fionn 818-796 BC
Séadhna II Innarraigh 796-776 BC
Simeon Breac 776-770 BC
Duach I Fionn 770-760 BC
Muireadhach I Bolgrach 760-758 BC
Éanna II 758-746 BC
Lughaidh I Iardonn 746-737 BC
Síorlámh 737-721 BC
Eochaidh V Uaircheas 721-709 BC
Eochaidh VI 709-704 BC
Conaing I 709-704 BC
Lughaidh II Láimhdhearg 704-697 BC
Conaing II Beag-Eaglach 697-677 BC
Art I 677-671 BC
Fiachna Tolgrach 671-661 BC
Oilioll II Fionn 661-650 BC
Eochaidh VII 650-643 BC
Airgeatmhar 643-613 BC
Duach II Ladhgrach 613-603 BC
Lughaidh III Laighdhe 603-596 BC
Aodh I Ruadh 596-589; 575-568; 554-547 BC
Diothorba 589-582; 568-561; 547-540 BC
Cimbaoth 582-575; 561-554; 540-526 BC
Macha 533-519 BC
Reachtaidh Righdhearg 519-499 BC
Ugaine Mór 499-459 BC
Badhbhchadh 459-459 BC
Laoghaire I Lorc 459-457 BC
Cobhtach Caol Breagh 457-407 BC
Labhraidh Loingseach 407-388 BC
Melghe Molbhthach 388-371 BC
Modhcorb 371-364 BC
Aonghus II Ollamh 364-346 BC
Irereo 346-339 BC
Fearchar 339-328 BC
Connla Caomh 328-308 BC
Oilioll III Caisfhiaclach 308-283 BC
Adamair 283-278 BC
Eochaidh VIII Ailtleathan 278-261 BC
Fearghus I Fortamhail 261-250 BC
Aonghus III Tuirmheach 250-218 BC
Conall I Collamhrach 218-213 BC
Nia Seadhamáin 213-206 BC
Éanna III Aigneach 206-186 BC
Criomthann I Cosgrach 186-182 BC
Ruadhraighe 182-112 BC
Innatmar 112-103 BC
Breasal 103-91 BC
Lughaidh IV Luaighne 91-76 BC
Conghalach I 76-61 BC
Duach III Dallta Deadhadh 61-51 BC
Fachtna Fathach 51-35 BC
Eochaidh IX Aireamh 35-23 BC
Eochaidh X Feidhliach 23-8 BC
Eidirsceol 8-3 BC
Nuadhat III 3-2 BC
Conaire I 2 BC-58
Lughaidh V 63-71
Conchubhar I 71-72
Criomthann II 72-88
Cairbre I Ceanncait 88-93
Morán 88-93
Fearadhach Finnfeachtnach 93-115
Fiatach Fionn 115-118
Fiachadh IV 118-125
Elim II 125-129
Tuathal I Teachtmhar 129-159
Mal Mac Rochraidhe 159-163
Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar 163-173
Cathaoir Mór 173-176
Conn Céad Cathach 176-211
Conaire II 211-219
Art II Aoinfhear 219-249
Lughaidh VI 249-252
Fearghus II 252-254
Cormac Ulfhada Mac Airt 254-277
Eochaidh XI 277-279
Cairbre II Lifiochair 279-296
Fothadh I 296-297
Fothadh II 296-297
Fiachadh V 297-327
Colla Uais 327-331
Muireadhach II 331-357
Caolbhadh 357-358
Eochaidh XII 358-366
Criomthann III 366-379
Niall I Naoighiallach 379-405
Daithí 405-428
Laoghaire II 428-463
Oilioll IV Molt 463-483
Lughaidh VII 483-508
Muircheartach I Mór Mac Earca 508-527
Tuathal II 527-544
Diarmuid I 544-565
Domhnall I Ilchealgach 565-566
Fearghus III 565-566
Eochaidh XIII 566-568
Baodán I 566-568
Ainmire 568-570
Baodán II 570-571
Aodh II Mac Ainmire 571-598
Aodh III Allán 598-605
Colmán 598-605
Aodh IV Uairiodhnach 605-612
Maolcobha 612-615
Suibhne 615-628
Domhnall II 628-642
Conall II 642-654
Ceallach 642-654
Conall III 654-658
Blathmhac 658-665
Diarmuid II 658-665
Seachnasach 665-671
Ceannfaolaidh 671-674
Fionnachta II 674-690
Loingseach 690-704
Conghalach II 704-711
Fearghal 711-722
Fógartach 722-724
Cionnaith 724-727
Flaithbheartach 727-734
Aodh V Álainn 734-743
Domhnall III 743-763
Niall II Frasach 763-770
Donnchadh 770-797
Aodh VI Oirdnidhe 797-819
Conchubhar II 819-833
Niall III Caille 833-846
Maoilsheachlainn I 846-863
Aodh VII Finnliath 863-879
Flann 879-915
Niall IV Glúin Dubh 915-919
Muircheartach II Na Gcochall Craicneach 919-943
Conghalach III 943-956
Domhnall IV Ard Mhacha Ó Néill 956-980
Maoilsheachlainn II 980-1002; 1014-1022
Brian Bórú 1002-1014
Corcrán Claireach 1022-1024
Conn Ó Lochlainn 1022-1024
Donnchadh Ó Briain 1024-1064
Toirdealbach Ó Briain 1064-1086
Muircheartach Mór Ó Briain 1086-1089; 1101-1117
Domhnall Ó Lochlainn 1089-1101; 1118-1121
Diarmuid Ó Briain 1117-1118
Toirdealbach Mór Ó Conchubhair 1127-1153; 1154-1156
Aodh Ó Lochlainn 1153-1154; 1156-1166
Ruaidhrí Ó Conchubhair 1166-1175
Éadbhard I 1316-1318 (Edward)
Ancient Celtic Families
In MacFirbis's "Irish Genealogies" the following Celtic names are designated "Maghaidh Saxonta" ("magadh: Irish; mocking, jeering); meaning that it was only in jest these names were said to be of Saxon origin:
- AUCHINLEK 15. GORDON 29. LINDESAY
- BARCLAY 16. GRAKANE 30. LITTLE
- BARDE 17. GRAY 31. LUNDIE
- BISET 18. GUTHRIE 32. MURRAY
- BLAIRE 19. HALIDAY 33. NEWBIGGING
- BOYD 20. HAY 34. OLIPHANT
- CAMBELL 21. IRELAND 35. RAMSAY
- CLELAND 22. JARDAN 36. RUTHER
- CRAWFORD 23. JOHNSTON 37. RUTHVEN
- CARRIE 24. KAR 38. SOOT
- DASSE 25. KEITH 39. SCRIMAGER
- DOWGLAS 26. KILLPATRICK 40. SEBON
- DUN 27. LAWDER 41. TINTS
- FOORDE 28. LENNOX 42. WALLACE
Source: Irish Pedigrees, vol 1 pg 858
Families in Ireland from the 11th century to the end of the 16th century
FAMILIES IN IRELAND FROM THE 11th TO
THE END OF THE 16th CENTURY.
According to "A Topographical and Historical Map of Ancient Ireland," compiled by Philip MacDermott, M.D., the following were the names of the principal families in Ireland, of Irish, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Irish origin.
Name County
ARCHBOLD, Wicklow
ARCHER, Kilkenny
AUDLEY, Down
AYLMER, Kildare
BAGOTT, Dublin
BARNEWELL, "
BARNWALL, Baron, Meath
BARNWALL, Louth
BARNWALL, Cork
BARRETT, Lord, "
BARRETT, Mayo
BARRON, Waterford
BARRY, Baron, Cork
BARRY, Earl, "
BARRY, Lord, "
BARRY, Oge, "
BATHE, De, Meath
BELLEW, Baron, "
BELLEW, Louth
BETAGH, Meath
BIRMINGHAM, Baron, Galway
BIRMINGHAM, Baron, Kildare
BIRMINGHAM, De, Louth
BISSET, Antrim
BLAKE, Baron, Galway
BODKIN, "
BOURKE, MacWilliam, Lord, Mayo
BRPW, Baron, Galway
BROWNE, Baron, Mayo
BROWNE, "
BROWNE, Limerick
BROWNE, Wexford
BURGH, De, Earl, Galway
BURGO, De, Earl,
DEBURGO Antrim
BURGO, De, Earl, Down
BURGO, De, Lord, Tipperary
BURGO, De, Viscount, Galway
BURKE, Baron, Limerick
BURKE, Baron, Galway
BURKE, Earl, Tipperary
BURKE, Earl, Galway
BURKE, MacDavid, "
BURKE, Tipperary
BURKE, Sligo
BURKE, Kildare
BURKE, Lord, Tiperrary
BURKE, Viscount, Galway
BURNELL, Dublin
BUTLER, Baron, Meath
BUTLER, Baron, Carlow
BUTLER, Baron, Wicklow
BUTLER, Baron, Tipperary
BUTLER, Queen's Co
BUTLER, Wexford
BUTLER, Waterford
BUTLER, Tipperary
BUTLER, Earl Galway
BUTLER, Viscount, Wexford
BUTTER, Viscount, Kilkenny
CANTWELL, Tipperary
CAPEL, De, Cork
CAPEL, Baron, Carlow
CAREW, De, Cork
CHEEVERS, Wicklow
CHEVERS, Carlow
CHEVERS, Meath
CLARE, De, Earl,
DECLARE Kilkenny
CLARE, De, Clare
CLINTON, Louth
COGAN, De,
DECOGAN Cork
COGAN, De, Lord, "
COKE, Carlow
COLCLOUGH, Wexford
COMERFORD, "
COMERFORD, Kilkenny
CONDON, Baron, Cork
CONROY, Roscommon
COPELAND, Down
COPPINGER, Cork
COURCY, De,
DECOURCY Dublin
COURCY, De, Earl, Down
COURCY, De, Earl, Cork
CREAGH, Clare
CRUISE, Meath
CRUISE, Dublin
CUSACK, (O'CISOGHE) Meath
CUSACK, " Clare
CUSACK, " Mayo
DALTON, Baron, Meath
DALTON, Waterford
DARCY, Meath
DARCY, Galway
DARDIS, Meath
DEANE, Galway
DEASE, Westmeath
DELAHOYDE, Dublin
DELAHOYDE, Kildare
DEVEREUX, Monaghan
DEVEREUS, Wexford
DILLON, Baron, Galway
DILLON, Baron, West Meath
DILLON, Earl, Roscommon
DILLON, Meath
DOWDALL, Meath
DRAKE, "
ESMOND, Wexford
EUSTACE, Carlow
FAGAN, Dublin
FAGAN, West Meath
FITZ-EUSTACE, Baron, Meath
FITZ-EUSTACE, Dublin
FITZ-EUSTACE, Viscount, Wicklow
FITZGERALD, Baron, Waterford
FITZGERALD, Duke, Kildare
FITZGERALD, "
FITZGERALD, King's Co.
FITZGERALD, Carlow
FITZGERALD, Earl, Queen's Co.
FITZGERALD, Earl, Cork
FITZGERALD, Earl, Limerick
FITZGERALD, Earl, Kerry
FITZGERALD, Earl, Kildare
FITZGERALD, Tipperary
FITZGERALD, Wexford
FITZGERALD, Knight, Limerick
FITZGERALD, Knight, Kerry
FITZGERALD, Lord, Limerick
FITZGERALD, Lord, Wicklow
FITZGERALD, Lord, Cork
FITZGERALD, (or FITZGIBBON)
(The White Knight) "
FITZHARRIS, Wexford
FITZHARRIS, Limerick
FITZHENRY, Kildare
FITZHENRY, Wexford
FITZMAURICE, Earl, Kerry
FITZPAtrICK, Cavan
FITZPAtrICK,(or
MAC-GILPAtrICK),Prince, Queen's Co.
FITZSIMON, Down
FITZSIMON, Cavan
FITZSIMON, West Meath
FITZSIMON, Dublin
FITZSIMON, King's Co.
FITZSTEPHEN, Wexford
FITZWILLIAM, Viscount, Dublin
FLEMING, Mayo
FLEMING, Cavan
FLEMING, Louth
FLEMING, Baron, Meath
FLEMING, Viscount, Longford
FORD (or
MacCONSNAVAL), Chief, Leitrim
FRENCH, Wexford
FRENCH, Galway
FRENCH, Roscommon
FURLONG, Wexford
FURLONG, Wicklow
GALWAY, Cork
GENEVILLE, De, Lord Meath
GERNON, De, Louth
GOULD, Cork
GRACE, Queen's Co.
GRACE, Carlow
GRACE, Tipperary
GRACE, Lord, Kilkenny
GUNNING, Limerick
HAROLD, "
HAY, Wexford
HORE, "
HUGHES, Monaghan
HUGHES, Wicklow
HUGHES,(or McHUGH), Galway
HUSSEY, Kerry
HUSSEY, King's Co.
HUSSEY, Baron, Meath
JORDAN, Down
JOY, Kerry
JOYCE, Chief, Galway
JOYCE, Mayo
KEATING, Wexford
LACEY, De, West Meath
LACEY, De, Meath
LACEY, De, King's Co.
LACEY, De, Earl, Down
LACEY, De, Earl, Antrim
LACEY, De, Lord, Limerick
LAFFAN, Wexford
LAMARE, De, West Meath
LANGAN, Meath
LAWLESS, Mayo
LAURENCE, St., Baron, Dublin
LOMBARD, Carlow
LOMBARD, Carlow
LYNCH, Galway
MacALISTER, Antrim
MacARDELL, Chief, Monaghan
MacARTHUR, Limerick
MacAULEY, Lord, West Meath
MacAULIFFE, Chief, Cork
MacAVEELY, Mayo
MacBRADY, Chief, Cavan
MacBREEN, Tyrone
MacBREEN, Chief, Kilkenny
MacBRENNAN, Chief, Roscommon
MacBRIDE, Donegal
Mac-I-BRIEN, Lord, Tipperary
MacBRODIN, Clare
MacCABE, Chief, Monaghan
MacCABE, Chief, Cavan
MacCAFFREY, Fermanagh
MacCOGHWELL, Chief, Tyrone
MacCANN, Louth
MacCANN, Lord, Armagh
MacCARTAN, Lord, Down
MacCARTHY, King, Cork
MacCARTHY, King, Tipperary
MacCARTHY, Lord, Kerry
MacCARTHY, Prince, Cork
MacCARTHY MORE, Prince, Kerry
MacCARTHY REAGH, Prince, Cork
MacCASHIN, Queen's Co.
MacCLANCY, Lord, Leitrim
MacCLANCY (BREHON), Kerry
MacCLANCY, Chief, Cork
MacCLANCEY, Clare
MacCLEAN, Donegal
MacCLEAN, Antrim
MacCLOSKEY, Donegal
MacCLOSKEY, Chief, Londonderry
MacCOGAN, Queen's Co.
MacCOGGAN, Tipperary
MacCOGHLAN, Lord, Queen's Co.
MacCOLREAVY, "
MacCONMEL, Tyrone
MacCONNELL, "
MacCONNELL, Londonderry
MacCONRY, Chief, Galway
MacCONSNAVA (or FORD),Chief, Leitrim
MacCONWAY, Longford
MacCONWAY, Sligo
MacCORMAC, Tipperary
MacCORMAC, Lord, Longford
MacCOSKLEY, Tyrone
MacCOSTELLO, Mayo
MacCOURT, Tyrone
MacCOURTY, Leitrim
MacCRACKEN, Londonderry
MacCREHAN, Kerry
MacCROSSAN, Tyrone
MacCROSSAN, Donegal
MacDAVETT "
MacDERMOTT, Prince, Roscommon
MacDERMOTT, Prince, Sligo
MacDONNELL, Chief, Clare
MacDONNELL, Chief, Londonderry
MacDONNELL, Chief, Queen's Co.
MacDONNELL, Kildare
MacDONNELL, Earl, Antrim
MacDONOGH, Lord, Sligo
MacDONOUGH, Lord, Cork
MacDORCHY, Leitrim
MacDOUGALL, Antrim
MacDOWELL, Roscommon
MacDUVAN, Chief, Donegal
MacEGAN (BREHON), Kerry
MacEGAN (BREHON), Tipperary
MacEGAN (BREHON), Galway
MacELLIGOT, Kerry
MacENEIRY, Lord, Limerick
MacENTEGGART, Fermanagh
MacEVOY, Armagh
MacEVOY, Chief, Queen's Co.
MacEVOY, Lord, West Meath
MacFERGUS, Leitrim
MacFINEEN, Chief, Kerry
MacFINNEVAR, Leitrim
MacFIRBIS, Sligo
MacGAFNEY, Cavan
MacGARGAN, "
MacGARRAHAN, Fermanagh
MacGARRY, Mayo
MacGAURAN, Lord, Cavan
MacGAVAN, Longford
MacGAVAN, Mayo
MacGENNIS, Prince, Down
MacGEOGHHEGAN, Lord, West Meath
MacGEOGHHEGAN, Prince, "
MacGERAGHTY, Sligo
MacGEREAGHTY, Mayo
MacGETTIGAN, Donegal
MacGIBBON, Mayo
MacGILBRIDE, Donegal
MacGILCHRIST, Longford
MacGILDAUFF, Galway
MacGILFINNEN, Lord, Fermanagh
MacGILFOYLE, Tipperary
MacGILLICUDDY of the
... Reeks, Chief, Kerry
MacGILLIGAN, Londonderry
MacGILLIGAN, Chief, Longford
MacGILLIKELLY Galway
MacGILMARTIN, Leitrim
MacGILMICHAEL, Chief, Monaghan
MacGILMORE, Down
MacGILPAtrICK, Kilkenny
MacGILROY, Monaghan
MacGINTY, Donegal
MacGIOLLAMOCHOLMOGE, Lord, Dublin
MacGLOIN, Leitrim
MacGOLRICK, Tyrone
MacGORIGAL, Donegal
MacGORMAN, Chief, Carlow
MacGOWAN (or Smith), Chief, Cavan
MacGOWAN, Leitrim
MacGOWAN, Donegal
MacGOWAN, Down
MacGRANE, Meath
MacGREAL, Mayo
MacGUIRE, Prince, Fermanagh
MacGULSHENAN, "
MacHALE (or MacCAIL), Mayo
MacHUGH, Chief, Galway
MacHUGH (or HUGHES), "
MacHUGH, Donegal
MacHUGH, Cavan
MacHUGH, Longford
MacINTIRE, Donegal
MacINTYRE, Chief, Tyrone
MacJORDAN, de Exeter, Lord, Mayo
MacKENNA, Lord, Monaghan
MacKENNY, Leitrim
MacKENNY, Louth
MacKEOGH, Wexford
MacKEOGH, Chief, Roscommon
MacKEON, Leitrim
MacKIERNAN, Lord, Cavan
MacLENNON, Fermanagh
MacLEONARD, Lord, "
MacLOGHLIN, Prince Donegal
MacLOUGHLIN, Londonderry
MacLYSAGHT, Clare
MacMAHON, Lord, "
MacMAHON, Lord, Monaghan
MacMAHON, Prince, "
MacMANUS, Fermanagh
MacMANUS, Roscommon
MacMURROUGH, Carlow
MacMURROUGH, King, Wexford
MacMURROUGH, Prince, Wicklow
MacNALLY, Antrim
MacNALLY, Mayo
MacNAMARA, Prince, Clare
MacNAMEE, Londonderry
MacNENEY, Monaghan
MacNEVIN, Galway
MacNULTY, Donegal
MacNULTY, Cavan
MacNULTY, Mayo
MacORIAGHTY, Lord Roscommon
MacOSCAR, Chief, Monaghan
MacOWEN, Tyrone
MacPARTLAN, Leitrim
MacPHILLIPS, Mayo
MacQUADE, Monaghan
MacQUILLAN, Lord, Antrim
MacRANNALL (or REYNOLDS), Lord, Leitrim
MacRORY, Chief, Tyrone
MacRORY, Chief, Down
MacRUARC, West Meath
MacSHANE, Chief, Tyrone
MacSHANLEY, Chief, Leitrim
MacSHEEHY, Limerick
MacSHEEHY, Chief, Kerry
MacSHEEHY, Chief, Cork
MacSHERRY, "
MacSMITH, Chief, Cavan
MacSWEENEY, Chief, Cork
MacSWEENY, Chief, Kerry
MacSWEENY, Lord, Donegal
McTAGGART, Tyrone
MacTEIGE Donegal
MacTEIGUE, Carlow
MacTEIGUE, Leitrim
MacTIERNAN, Fermanagh
MacTIERNAN, Lord, Cavan
MacTULLY, Fermanagh
MacTULLY, Chief, Cavan
MacTULLY, Galway
MacWARD, Donegal
MacWARD, Galway
MAGINN, Londonderry
MAGRATH, Waterford
MAGRATH, Kerry
MAGRATH, Clare
MAGRATH, Tipperary
MAGRATH, Fermanagh
MAGUIRK, Tyrone
MANDEVILLE, Down
MARESCHAL, Le, Earl, Wexford
MARESCHAL, Le, Earl, Kilkenny
MARTELL, Down
MARTIN, Galway
MARWARD, Baron, Meath
MASTERSON, Wexford
MASTERSON, Cavan
MEYLER, Wexford
MISSETT, Baron, Meath
MOCKLER, Tipperary
MONTMORENCY, De, Wexford
MONTMORENCY, De, Kilkenny
MORGAN, Wexford
MORRIS, Waterford
MORRIS, Tipperary
MORRIS, Galway
MORTIMER, Lord Queen's Co.
MORTIMER, De, Lord, Meath
NAGLE, Cork
NANGLE, Baron, Meath
NANGLE, Mayo
NETTERVILLE, Baron Meath
NORTON (or O'NAGHTEN), Chief, Galway
NUGENT, Baron, Meath
NUGENT, West Meath
O'AHERN, Cork
O'BAIRE, Chief, Waterford
O'BANNAN, Chief, King's Co
O'BANNAN, Chief, Mayo
O'BEGLEY, Donegal
O'BEGLEY, Waterford
O'BEHAN, Chief, King's Co
O'BEIRNE, Chief, Roscommon
O'BERGIN, King's Co
O'BILLRY, Limerick
O'BIRN, Mayo
O'BLIGH, "
O'BOLGER, Kilkenny
O'BOYLAN, Chief, Monaghan
O'BOYLE, Lord, Donegal
O'BRADLEY, Cork
O'BRANAGAN, Louth
O'BREE, Kilkenny
O'BRENNAN, Kerry
O'BRENNAN, Lord, Kilkenny
O'BRESLIN, Chief, Donegal
O'BRESLIN (BREHON), Fermanagh
O'BRESLIN, Chief, Tipperary
O'BRIC, Lord, Waterford
O'BRIEN, Baron, Clare
O'BRIEN, Chief, Waterford
O'BRIEN, King, Prince, and Earl, Clare
O'BRIEN, King, Tipperary
O'BRIEN, Lord, Galway
O'BRIEN, Lord,
Tipperary
O'Brien, Lord, Limerick
O'BRIEN, Prince, "
O'BRIGAN, Cork
O'BRODAR, Chief, Donegal
O'BRODAR, Lord, Kilkenny
O'BRODY, Mayo
O'BROGAN, Cavan
O'BROGAN, Sligo
O'BROGAN, Mayo
O'BROGAN, Queen's Co
O'BROICHAN, Chief, Londonderry
O'BROSNAGHAN, Kerry
O'BYRNE, Lord, Wicklow
O'CAHANEY, Chief, Mayo
O'CAHILL, Chief, Carlow
O'CAHILL, Chief, Tipperary
O'CAHILL, Kerry
O'CAHILL> Galway
O'CALLAGHAN<, Clare
O'CALLAGHAN, Lord, Cork
O'CALLAGHAN, Chief, Mayo
O'CALLAGHAN, King, Tipperary
O'CALLAGHAN, Viscount, "
O'CALLAN, Kilkenny
O'CALLAN, Armagh
O'CALLANAN, Cork
O'CALLANAN, Galway
O'CANAVAN, "
O'CANNANAN, Prince, Donegal
O'CARBERY, Chief, West Meath
O'CAREY, Lord, Kildare
O'CARMODY, Clare
O'CAROLAN, Chief, Londonderry
O'CAROLAN, Meath
O'CARROLL, Prince, Tipperary
O'CARROLL, Chief, Leitrim
O'CARROLL, Prince, Kilkenny
O'CARROLL, Prince, King's Co
O'CARROLL, Prince, Tipperary
O'CARROLL, Lord, Kerry
O'CARROLL, Prince, Louth
O'CARRAGHER, "
O'CASEY, Cork
O'CASEY, Limerick
O'CASEY, Fermanagh
O'CASEY, West Meath
O'CASEY, Kerry
O'CASHIN, Galway
O'CASSIDY, Londonderry
O'CASSIDY, Monaghan
O'CASSIDY, Chief, Fermanagh
O'CAVANAGH, Lord, Carlow
O'CAVANAGH, Lord, Wexford
O'CAWLEY, Chief, Galway
O'CLAISIN, Cork
O'CLERKIN, Limerick
O'CLERY, Cavan
O'CLERY, Chief, Donegal
O'CLERY, Lord, Galway
O'COFFEY, Chief, West Meath
O'COFFEY, Galway
O'COIGLEY (or QUIGLEY), Donegal
O'COLEMAN, Sligo
O'COLEMAN, Louth
O'COLEMAN, Cork
O'COLGAN, Chief, Kildare
O'COLGAN, Down
O'COLGAN, Armagh
O'COLMAN, Chief, Louth
O'COLTARAN, Down
O'CONAGHTY, Sligo
O'CONAGHTY, Cavan
O'CONCANNON, Roscommon
O'CONEALY, Galway
O'CONLAN, Limerick
O'CONNEGAN, Mayo
O'CONNELAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'CONNELAN, Chief, Roscommon
O'CONNELL, Down
O'CONNELL, Clare
O'CONNELL, Chief, Kerry
O'CONNELL, Chief, Galway
O'CONNELL, Lord, Limerick
O'CONNELLAN, Mayo
O'CONNOLLY, Chief, Monaghan
O'CONNOLLY, Lord, Meath
O'CONNOLLY, Galway
O'CONNOR, Prince, Kildare
O'CONNOR, King, Roscommon
O'CONOR, Prince, King's Co
O'CONOR, King, Mayo
O'CONOR, Chief, Galway
O'CONOR, Prince, "
O'CONOR, Mayo
O'CONOR, Lord, Kerry
O'CONOR, Lord, Londonderry
O'CONOR, Prince, Kerry
O'CONOR, Lord, Clare
0'CONOR, Lord, Sligo
O'CONOR, Roscommon
O'CONOR DON, "
O'CONOR ROE, "
O'CONRAN, Chief, Waterford
O'CONSIDINE, Clare
O'COONEY, Tyrone
O'CORCORAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'CORMAC, Down
O'CORR, Roscommon
O'CORRAN, Tyrone
O'CORRIGAN, Fermanagh
O'COSGRY, Chief, Wexford
O'CROWLEY, Chief, Cork
O'CROWLY, "
O'COYLE, Cavan
O'COYLE, Donegal
O'CREAGH, Cork
O'CREAGH, Clare
O'CREAGH, Kerry
O'CREAN, Chief, Sligo
O'CRIOCAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'CRIODAN, Londonderry
O'CRONIN, Kerry
O'CROSSAN, Tyrone
O'CROTTY, Chief, Waterford
O'CROWLEY, Chief, Cork
O'CROWLY, "
O'CUIRE, Tipperary
O'CUIRNEEN, Leitrim
O'CULLEN, Tipperary
O'CULLEN, Chief, Limerick
O'CULLEN, GALWAY
O'CULLEN, Chief, Wicklow
O'CULLEN, Kildare
O'CULLEN, Cork
O'CULLENAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'CULLENAN, Chief, Cork
O,CULLENAN, Clare
O'CULLIGAN, "
O'CUMMIN, Mayo
O'CURRAN, Clare
O'CURRAN, Donegal
O'CURRY, West Meath
O'CURRY, Cork
O'DALY, Baron, Galway
O'DALY, Cork
O'DALY, Lord, West Meath
O'DALY, Kerry
O'DALY, Clare
O'DALY, Cavan
O'DANAHER, Cork
O'DAVOREN, Clare
O'DEA, Chief, Cork
O'DEA, Lord, Tipperary
O'DEA, Chief, Clare
O'DEASY, Cork
O'DEEGAN, Clare
O'DELANY, Chief, Kilkenny
O'DELANY, Kerry
O'DEMPSEY, Lord, Queen's Co
O'DEMPSEY, Kildare
O'DEMPSEY, Viscount,
... and Baron, King's Co.
O'DENNEHY, Waterford
O'DENNERY, Cork
O'DERMODY, Tipperary
O'DERMODY, Clare
O'DEVIN, Lord, Fermanagh
O'DEVIR, Donegal
O'DEVLIN, Sligo
O'DEVLIN, Chief, Londonderry
O'DINANE, Cork
O'DINAN, Tipperary
O'DINEEN, Cork
O'DINERTY, Tipperary
O'DINNAHAN, Chief, Limerick
O'DOGHERTY, Lord, Donegal
O'DOGHERTY, Mayo
O'DOLAN, Cavan
O'DOLAN, Mayo
O'DONNELLY, Chief, Donegal
O'DONEVAN, Limerick
O'DONLEVY, Tyrone
O'DONLEVY, Prince, Down
O'DONNEGAN, Fermanagh
O'DONNEGAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'DONNEGAN, Armagh
O'DONNEGAN, Prince, Tipperary
O'DONNELLAN, Lord, Galway
O'DONNELLEN, Lord, Antrim
O'DONNELAN, Roscommon
O'DONNELL, Prince, Sligo
O'DONNELL, Mayo
O'DONNELL, Galway
O'DONNELL, Prince, Donegal
O'DONNELLY, Chief, Tyrone
O'DONNELLY, Chief, Tipperary
O'DONOGHOE, Kerry
O'DONOGHOE MOR, Prince, "
O'DONOGHOE, Prince, Kilkenny
O'DONOGHOE, Prince, Tipperary
O'DONOVAN, Lord, Limerick
O'DONOVAN, Lord, Cork
O'DONOVAN, "
O'DOOLEY, Chief, West Meath
O'DOOLIN, Kerry
O'DOOYARMA, Lord, Donegal
O'DORAN, (BREHON), Wexford
O'DORAN, Chief, Carlow
O'DORIN, Donegal
O'DORRIAN, "
O'DOWD, Prince, Sligo
O'DOWD, Prince, Mayo
O'DOWLING, Chief, Queen's Co
O'DOWLING, Chief, Wicklow
O'DOYLE, Galway
O'DOYLE, Kilkenny
O'DOYLE, Wexford
O'DOYLE, Chief, Wicklow
O'DOYLE, Carlow
O'DOYNE, "
O'DREENAN, Galway
O'DRINAN, Clare
O'DRISCOLL, Lord, Cork
O'DUANE, Galway
O'DUFF, Chief, Queen's Co
O'DUFFY, Donegal
O'DUFFY, Galway
O'DUFFY, Chief, Monaghan
O'DUFFY, Mayo
O'DUGAN, Chief, Wexford
O'DUGAN, Roscommon
O'DUGAN, Chief, Cork
O'DUGAN, Mayo
O'DUIGENAN, Roscommon
O'DUNN, Chief, Kildare
O'DUNN, Lord, Meath
O'DUNN, Lord, Queen's Co
O'DUNNADY, Kerry
O'DURKAN, Sligo
O'DUVAN, Chief, Meath
O'DUVANY, Chief, Tyrone
O'DUVANY, Chief, Armagh
O'DWYER, Lord, Tipperary
O'EARLY, Donegal
O'EIRE, Antrim
O'ETIGAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'FAHY, Galway
O'FALLON, Roscommon
O'FALVEY, Cork
O'FALVEY, Lord, Kerry
O'FARRELLY, Chief, Cavan
O'FAY, West Meath
O'FEENAGHTY, Kerry
O'FEENAGHTY, Lord, Roscommon
O'FEENEY, Sligo
O'FELAN, Fermanagh
O'FELAN, Waterford
O'FERRAL, Prince, Longford
O'FIHELLY, Cork
O'FIHELLY, Roscommon
O'FINAN, Mayo
O'FINEGAN, "
O'FINEGAN, Sligo
O'FINNELAN, Lord, Meath
O'FINN, Leitrim
O'FLAHAVAN, Waterford
O'FLAHERTY, Lord, Galway
O'FLANNAGAN, Lord, Fermanagh
O'FLANNAGAN, Waterford
O'FLANNAGAN, Lord, Roscommon
O'FLANNELLY, Lord, Sligo
O'FLANNERY, Limerick
O'FLANNERY, Mayo
O'FLATTERY, Clare
O'FLORRY, Down
O'FLYNN, Lord, Antrim
O'FLYNN, Chief, Cork
O'FLYNN, Lord, Roscommon
O'FLYNN, Cork
O'FLYNN, Kerry
O'FLYNN, Mayo
O'FOGARTY, Tipperary
O'FOLEY, Kerry
O'FORRANAN, Chief, Donegal
O'FOX, Meath
O'FOX, West Meath
O'FOX, Chief, Longford
O'FREEL, Donegal
O'FREEL, Chief, Londonderry
O'FUREY, Tipperary
O'FURRY, Antrim
O'FYNN, Clare
O'GAHAN, Lord, Wicklow
O'GALLAHER, Chief, Donegal
O'GALLIVAN, Kerry
O'GARA, Lord, Sligo
O'GARVEY, Chief, Down
O'GARVEY, Chief, Armagh
O'GARVEY, Chief, Wexford
O'GAVAGAN, Sligo
O'GAVAGAN, Mayo
O'GEARAN, Galway
O'GEARY, Waterford
O'GEVANY, Galway
O'GLEESON, Tipperary
O'GLENNON, Roscommon
O'GLORAN, Chief, Kilkenny
O'GOGARTY, Meath
O'GORMAN, Chief, Clare
O'GORMAN, Carlow
O'GORMAN, Fermanagh
O'GORMLEY, Chief, Donegal
O'GORMLY, Mayo
O'GORMOGE, Chief, "
O'GRADY, Lord, Clare
O'GRADY, Kerry
O'GRADY, Viscount, Limerick
O'GRADY, Mayo
O'GRIFFIN, Cork
O'GRIFFIN, Clare
O'HAGAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'HAGARTY, Kerry
O'HAGARTY, Chief, Londonderry
O'HAGERTY, Donegal
O'HALAHAN, Cork
O'HALLIGAN, Meath
O'HALLIMAN, Chief, Limerick
O'HALLORAN, Clare
O'HALLORAN, Chief, Galway
O'HAMILL, Antrim
O'HAMILL, Chief, Tyrone
O'HANLEY, Chief, Roscommon
O'HANLON, Lord, Armagh
O'HANRAHAN, West Meath
O'HANRATTY, Chief, Armagh
O'HANVEY, Chief, West Meath
O'HANVEY, Down
O'HARA, Baron, Mayo
O'HARA, Lord, "
O'HARA, Antrim
O'HARA, Lord,
Sligo
O'HARKAN Donegal
O'HARNEY, Chief, Kerry
O'HART, Chief, Sligo
O'HART, Prince, Meath
O'HARTIGAN, Cork
O'HARTIGAN, Limerick
O'HARTY, Queen's Co
O'HAVERTY, Chief, Galway
O'HEA, Chief, Limerick
O'HEA, Chief, Meath
O'HEA, Chief, Cork
O'HEALY, Kerry
O'HEALY, Cork
O'HEANEY, Chief, Fermanagh
O'HEFFERNAN, Tipperary
O'HEFFERNAN, Clare
O'HEHIR, Chief, "
O'HEIR, Chief, Armagh
O'HELY, Limerick
O'HENNESSEY, Chief, King's Co
O'HENNESSY, Chief, West Meath
O'HENNIGAN, Cork
O'HEOGHY, Chief, Down
O'HERLIHY, Cork
O'HEYNE, Prince, Galway
O'HEYNE, Cork
O'HICKEY, Chief, Tipperary
O'HICKEY, Clare
O'HIGGIN, Mayo
O'HIGGIN, Chief, West Meath
O'HIGGIN, Longford
O'HOEY, Monaghan
O'HOYE, Chief, Down
O'HOGAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'HOGAN, Clare
O'HONAN, Limerick
O'HONEEN, Clare
O'HOOLLAGHAN, Chief, Galway
O'HOOLLAGHAN, King's Co
O'HOOLLAGHAN, Cork
O'HORAN, Chief, Galway
O'HORAN, Wicklow
O'HORGAN, Cork
O'HOSEY, Fermanagh
O'HOSEY, Tyrone
O'HOWLEY, Sligo
O'HOWLEY, Chief, Clare
O'HUGH, Donegal
O'HURLEY, Tipperary
O'HURLEY, Cork
O'HURLEY, Limerick
O'HYNES, Galway
O'KANE, Prince, Londonderry
O'KANE, Lord, Antrim
O'KEAN, Galway
O'KEAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'KEARNEY, "
O'KEARNEY, Chief, Clare
O'KEARNEY, Chief, West Meath
O'KEARNY, Mayo
O'KEARNY, Cork
O'KEEFE, Lord, Cork
O'KEELEY, Clare
O'KEELY, Tipperary
O'KEENAN, Chief, Fermanagh
O'KEENAN, Londonderry
O'KEERIN, Mayo
O'KEEVAN, Sligo
O'KEEVAN, Antrim
O'KEIRAN,Chief, Armagh
O'KELLEHER, Tipperary
O'KELLEHER, Cork
O'KELLEHER, Kerry
O'KELLY, Prince, Galway
O'KELLY, Prince, Roscommon
O'KELLY, Prince, Meath
O'KELLY, Prince, Dublin
O'KELLY, Lord, Kildare
O'KELLY, Chief, Wicklow
O'KELLY, Chief, Queen's Co
O'KELLY, Chief, Down
O'KELLY, Chief, Tyrone
O'KELLY, Chief, Louth
O'KENNEDY, Kerry
O'KENNEDY, Lord, Tipperary
O'KENNY, Chief, Donegal
O'KERNAGHAN, Chief, Sligo
O'KERNAGHAN, Donegal
O'KERRIGAN, Mayo
O'KEVENY, Kilkenny
O'KILLEEN, Mayo
O'KINDELLAN, Prince, Meath
O'KINEALY, Chief, Limerick
O'KINSELLAGH, Carlow
O'KIRWAN, Galway
O'KIRWICK, Limerick
O'LANIGAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'LARGNAN, Down
O'LARKIN, Galway
O'LARKIN, Lord, Wexford
O'LARKIN, Chief, Armagh
O'LARRISSEY, Mayo
O'LAVELL, Mayo
O'LAVERTY, Donegal
O'LAVERTY, Lord, Tyrone
O'LAWLOR, Chief, Queen's Co
O'LAWLOR, Down
O'LAWRY, Chief, "
O'LEAHAN, Galway
O'LEAHY, Kerry
O'LEANEY, Chief, Donegal
O'LEARY, Lord, Cork
O'LEE, Galway
O'LEHAN, (or LYONS), Lord, Cork
O'LENAHAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'LENNON, Mayo
O'LENNON, Galway
O'LEYNE, Kerry
O'LIDDY, Clare
O'LOAN, Tyrone
O'LOGHLIN, Clare
O'LOGHNAN, Mayo
O'LOMAN, Roscommon
O'LOMAN, Galway
O'LOMASEY, Cork
O'LONERGAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'LONGAN, Down
O'LOONEY, Cork
O'LOUGHNAN, Mayo
O'LOUGHNAN, Down
O'LOUGHNAN, Kilkenny
O'LUININ, Fermanagh
O'LUNNEY, Chief, Tyrone
O'LYNCH, Cavan
O'LYNCH, Clare
O'LYNCH, Tipperary
O'LYNCH, Cork
O'LYNCH, Down
O'LYNCH, Donegal
O'LYNCHY, "
O'MACKEN, Down
O'MAKESEY, Limerick
O'MACKEY, Tipperary
O'MADDEN, Lord, Galway
O'MADDEN, Chief, King's Co
O'MAGINN, Galway
O'MAHON, Down
O'MAHONY, Lord, Cork
O'MAHONY, Chief, Kerry
O'MALBRIDE, Roscommon
O'MALLEY, Lord, Mayo
O'MALONE, West Meath
O'MALQUINEY, Tipperary
O'MANNING, Chief, Galway
O'MAOL CONROY, Chief, Roscommon
O'MULLANY, Sligo
O'MARKEY, Louth
O'MARRON, Armagh
O'MARRON, MONAGHAN
O'MEAGHER, Lord, Tipperary
O'MEANEY, Roscommon
O'MEARA, Chief, Tipperary
O'MEEHAN, Chief, Leitrim
O'MEEHAN, Tipperary
O'MEEHAN, Fermanagh
O'MEEHAN, Sligo
O'MALAGHLIN, King, King's Co
O'MALAGHLIN, Prince, West Meath
O'MELLAN, Chief, Tyrone
O'MILFORD, Mayo
O'MOGHAN, "
O'MOLLOY, Prince, King's Co
O'MOLONEY, Chief, Clare
O'MONAHAN, Chief, Roscommon
O'MONGAN, Sligo
O'MOONEY, Chief, Queen's Co
O'MOONEY, Chief, King's Co
O'MOORE, Chief, Down
O'MOORE, Prince, Queen's Co
O'MOORE, Lord, Carlow
O'MOORE, Kerry
O'MORAN, Roscommon
O'MORAN, Mayo
O'MORAN, Galway
O'MORAN, Down
O'MORAN, Sligo
O'MORIARITY, Chief, Kerry
O'MORONY, Chief, Clare
O'MORONY, Cork
O'MORONY, Chief, Limerick
O'MORRISSEY, Tipperary
O'MORRISSEY, Sligo
O'MORRISSON, "
O'MORRISSON, Donegal
O'MOYNAGH, Sligo
O'MULCAHY, Chief, Tipperary
O'MULCAHY, Limerick
O'MULCLOHY, Lord, Sligo
O'MULDOON, Chief, Fermanagh
O'MULDORRY, Prince, Donegal
O'MULFINNY, Longford
O'MULGEE, Donegal
O'MULHOLLAND, Antrim
O'MULLALLY, Lord, Galway
O'MULLANE, Waterford
O'MULLANE, Chief, Kerry
O'MULLANY, Waterford
O'MULLARKY, Galway
O'MULLEADY, West Meath
O'MULLEENY, Mayo
O'MULLEN, Chief Londonderry
O'MULLIGAN, Cavan
O'MULLIGAN, Londonderry
O'MULLINS, Clare
O'MOLLOY, Roscommon
O'MULMOGHERY, Donegal
O'MULRENIN, Mayo
O'MULRENIN, Chief, Roscommon
O'MULROONEY, Galway
O'MULROONEY, Fermanagh
O'MULROY, Mayo
O'MULVANY, Sligo
O'MULVANY, King's Co
O'MULVANY, Donegal
O'MULVEY, Chief, Leitrim
O'MULVIHIL, Roscommon
O'MUREADY, Chief, King's Co
O'MURPHY, Lord, Wexford
O'MURPHY, Cork
O'MURRAY, Lord, Mayo
O'MURRAY, Cavan
O'MURRAY, Donegal
O'MURRAY, Chief, Londonderry
O'MURRIGAN, Prince, Kildare
O'MUTAGH, Meath
O'NAGHTEN (or NORTON), Chief, Galway
O'NEIL (or NIHEL), Clare
O'NEIL, Prince, Donegal
O'NEIL, Lord, Antrim
O'NEIL, Lord, Down
O'NEIL, Lord, Armagh
O'NEIL, King, Prince, Earl, Tyrone
O'NENEY, Chief, "
O'NENY, Monaghan
O'NEYLAN, Chief, Armagh
O'NEYLAN, Clare
O'NOLAN, Lord, Carlow
O'NOONAN, Chief, Cork
O'NORTON, Chief, Roscommon
O'QUIGLY, Londonderry
O'QUILL, Kerry
O'QUINLAN, Tipperary
O'QUINLAN, Kerry
O'QUINLEVAN, Clare
O'QUINLEVAN, Chief, Tipperary
O'QUINN, Chief, Donegal
O'QUINN, Lord, Londonderry
O'QUINN, Chief, Tyrone
O'QUINN, Lord, Longford
O'QUINN, Lord, Limerick
O'QUINN, Lord, Clare
O'QUINN, Mayo
O'RAFFERTY, Donegal
O'RAFFERTY, Tyrone
O'REGAN, Chief, Queen's Co
O'REGAN, Prince, Meath
O'REGAN, Cork
O'REILLY, Prince, Cavan
O'REILLY, Chief, Meath
O'REILLY, West Meath
O'REILLY, Longford
O'RIORDAN, Chief, Cork
O'RODAGHAN, Chief, Leitrim
O'RODDAN, Mayo
O'RODDY, Donegal
O'RODY, "
O'ROGAN, Down
O'RONAN, Longford
O'RONAN, Mayo
O'RONAYNE, Cork
O'ROONEY, Down
O'RORY, Prince, Meath
O'ROTHLAN, Mayo
O'ROURKE, Prince, Leitrim
O'RYAN, Lord, Carlow
O'RYAN, Kilkenny
O'RYAN, Limerick
O'RYAN, Lord, Tipperary
O'SCANLAN, Chief, Louth
O'SCANLAN, Kerry
O'SCANLAN, Chief, Limerick
O'SCANNELL, Cork
O'SCULLAN, Londonderry
O'SCULLY, Baron, Meath
O'SCULLY, Tipperary
O'SCURRY, Galway
O'SEXTON, Tipperary
O'SHANAHAN, "
O'SHAUGHNESY, Lord, Galway
O'SHEA, Cork
O'SHEA, Lord, Kerry
O'SHEA, Tipperary
O'SHEA (or SHEE), Kilkenny
O'SHEEHAN, Kerry
O'SHEEHAN, Chief, Limerick
O'SHEEHAN, Galway
O'SHEEHAN, Donegal
O'SHERIDAN, Cavan
O'SHERIDAN, Longford
O'SHIEL, Antrim
O'SHIEL, Chief, West Meath
O'SIONAGH, "
O'SLATTERY, Kerry
O'SLATTERY, Tipperary
O'SLEVIN, Longford
O'SPILLAN, Tipperary
O'SPILLANE, Sligo
O'SULLIVAN, Galway
O'SULLIVAN, Lord, Tipperary
O'SULLIVAN BEARE, Prince, Cork
O'SULLIVAN, Prince, "
O'SULLIVAN MORE, Lord,
O'TALCHARAN, Mayo
O'TARCERT, Chief, Donegal
O'TEIGE, (or TIGHE), Wicklow
O'TEIGUE, Tyrone
O'TIERNEY, Armagh
O'TIERNEY, Lord, Mayo
O'TOLARG, Lord, West Meath
O'TOMALTY, Tyrone
O'TOOLE, Lord, Kildare
O'TOOLE, Prince, Wicklow
O'TOOLE, Galway
O'TOOLE, Mayo
O'TORMEY, Galway
O'trACEY, "
O'trACY, Fermanagh
O'trAYNOR, Meath
O'TULLY, Fermanagh
O'TUOHY, Cork
O'TUOMEY, "
PEPPARD, Louth
PETIT, Baron, West Meath
PETIT, Mayo
PHEPOE, Meath
PLUNKET, Baron, Louth
PLUNKETT, Cavan
PLUNKETT, Earl, Meath
PLUNKETT, Dublin
POER, Le, Down
POER, Le, Lord, Waterford
POER, Le(or Power), "
POWER, Kilkenny
PRENDERGAST, Mayo
PRENDERGAST, De Wexford
PRESTON, Viscount, Dublin
PURCELL, Kilkenny
PURCELL, Limerick
PURCELL, Baron, Tipperary
QUIGLEY (see O'COIGLEY)
REDMOND, Wexford
RENZY, De, "
RIDDELL, Down
ROCHE, Viscount Cork
ROCHE, ROACHE
ROACH Limerick, Wexford
Killkenny, Tipperary
ROSSITER, Wexford
ROTH, Kilkenny
RUSSELL, Down
RUSSELL, Limerick
SARSFIELD, Earl, Dublin
SARSFIELD, Carlow
SARSFIELD, Cork
SARSFIELD, Viscount, Limerick
SAVADGE, Lord, Down
SEAGRAVE, Dublin
SINNOTT, Wexford
SHERLOCK, Waterford
SHORTALL, Kilkenny
SKERRET, Galway
SKIDDY, Cork
SMERWICK, Kerry
SMYTH, Down
STACK, Kerry
STAFFORD, Wexford
STAUNTON, Down
STAUNTON, Galway
STAUNTON, Mayo
StrONGBOW, Carlow
StrONGBOW, Earl, Wexford
SUPPLE, Cork
SUTTON, Wexford
SYNOTT, Mayo
TAAFE, Earl, Louth
TAAFE, Baron, Mayo
TAAFE, Baron, Dublin
TALBOT, Wicklow
TALBOT, Earl, Wexford
TALBOT, Waterford
TALLON, Carlow
TAYLOR, Dublin
trANT, Kerry
trOY, Limerick
TUITE, Baron, West Meath
TUITE, Longford
TYRRELL, West Meath
TYRRELL, Baron, Dublin
VERDON, De, Louth
VERDON, De, West Meath
VESEY, De, Lord, Kildare
VESEY, De, Lord, Queen's Co
WADDING, Waterford
WADDING, Wexford
WALL, Carlow
WALL, Waterford
WALSH, Dublin
WALSH, Wicklow
WALSH, Wexford
WALSH, West Meath
WALSH, Waterford
WALSH, Cork
WALSH, Kerry
WALSH, Tipperary
WARREN, King's Co
WHITE, Down
WHITE, Waterford
WHITE, Limerick
WHITE, Tipperary
WOGAN, Kildare
WOULFE, Limerick
WYSE, Waterford
Source: "Irish Pedigrees" by John O'Hart, vol. 2.
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